The team carried out a monitoring and assessment of rural toilet waste in 18 provinces throughout China for the first time, identified the regional characteristics of the harmlessness in rural toilet waste of China. A series of rural toilet conversion techniques and equipment were developed, such as unpowered integrated new compost household toilet, double-layer insulation septic tank, rainwater reuse instead of water flushing, etc. Moreover, the team has also constructed 7 sets of scattered farm households’ technologies for manure disposal in the courtyard and established a big data platform for the simulation and evaluation of rural toilet manure production, discharge and utilization. These research results have been applied in 11 provinces (autonomous regions) throughout China, and two national standards have been established. The research results provide technical model and important support for rural toilet conversion in China.

The team carried out the rural toilet renovation demonstration project in Jianhe County, Guizhou Province